Photo Credit: Faheem Qadri/WCF
People know the Kashmir Valley for numerous reasons. Some are drawn to its lakes, while others are captivated by its mountains. Despite its fame for various reasons, there’s something about it that many people are unaware of. There exists a geographical district called the VIHI district, about which most people, even within Kashmir, are ignorant. This geologically significant and apolitical district holds immense ecological, geological, and historical importance.
The VIHI district holds great potential for improving both the ecological and economic status of its inhabitants. However, before any progress can be made, people must become acquainted with what this place entails. Currently, there is a dearth of literature available on the topic, exacerbating the issue. Therefore, in this article, we go into everything concerning the VIHI district, including its composition and significance.
What is the VIHI District?
Geologically speaking, the VIHI District encompasses the area beginning from Athwajan and extending along a mountainous range that includes Pantha Chowk, Zewan, Khanmoh, Wuyan, Khrew, Mandakpal, Shar-Shali, Ladhu, and culminates at Letpora. Synonymous with Pampore, approximately 90 percent of the villages or areas within it fall under the Pampore tehsil. Each area within the VIHI district is renowned for distinct reasons and holds its own significance. Although these villages and areas are situated within two different political districts (Srinagar and Pulwama), they are referred to as the VIHI district from a geological and historical perspective. Collectively, the mountainous range in the VIHI district forms a horseshoe-shaped structure that encircles the plains and plateaus of the region. Abundant in natural resources, the VIHI district boasts beautiful saffron fields, wetlands, and mountain ranges, all of which greatly contribute to its geographical value. Moreover, the area sustains a sizable human population and provides them with natural resources, including stones, cement, etc., for their livelihoods.
What makes the VIHI District so significant?
Usually, it is very hard to find a place with huge ecological diversity in a small area, but the VIHI district is an exception to that rule. This is because it encompasses a wide variety of features that collectively represent a microcosm of the entirety of Kashmir. Firstly, the district holds significant geological importance due to its resource-rich mountainous range, where fossils dating back thousands of years can be found. Additionally, the VIHI district serves as a crucial source of raw materials for cement production, which is distributed across every corner of the Kashmir valley, thereby contributing to the local economy and supporting many livelihoods within the district.
Furthermore, the VIHI district is renowned for being home to Kashmir’s famous saffron fields, which sprawl across thousands of hectares and produce the world’s highest-quality saffron. Moreover, the district boasts four beautiful wetlands: Chatlam WR, Fashkoori WR, Manibugh WR, and Krenchoo WR. These wetlands serve as habitats for thousands of migratory birds annually, playing a vital role in the local ecosystem and providing essential ecological services to humans.
In the following section, we will detail each part of the VIHI district, exploring its unique characteristics and contributions to the region.
Main sites/areas present in the VIHI District
Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park
The Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park is located at Khanmoh in the VIHI district. Approximately 252 million years ago, a massive bio-extinction occurred during the Permian-Triassic era. The organisms from that period are preserved within a rock system at Guryul Ravine in Khanmoh.
The Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park holds significance for numerous reasons. Firstly, it offers insight into two distinct geological eras, the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic, providing a unique opportunity to observe the evolution of life during these pivotal periods. Visitors to the fossil park can journey through time and marvel at the fossilized remains of long-extinct animals.
Secondly, the Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park contains evidence of the FIRST-EVER TSUNAMI. These immensely destructive events are documented in fossils, revealing how the Earth’s surface was altered by powerful forces during the Triassic period. The park offers a rare glimpse into the aftermath of this ancient tsunami, shedding light on events that transpired millions of years ago in the region we inhabit today.
According to an article titled “Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park,” published by Pen Dixie Fossil Park and Nature Reserve, the park serves as evidence of the FIRST EVER MASS EXTINCTION, further adding to its intrigue. By studying the fossil park, we can connect with the past and gain insights into the environmental changes that facilitated the evolution of new life forms.
Formerly recognized as a Natural Heritage Site prior to 2004, the Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park now shares its natural beauty with the Chinese International Meishan Section, enhancing its Global Strata Status. Despite being known by multiple names, the park retains its utmost importance.
Saffron Karewas of Pampore
Pampore, situated in the VIHI district, is renowned as the “Saffron Town” of India owing to its expansive saffron fields locally referred to as “Wuder.” Some of the world’s finest saffron originates from the saffron Karewas in Pampore. Saffron has remained an integral component of Kashmir’s culture for numerous generations. The unique combination of weather conditions, including the cool autumn air and fertile soil, facilitates the cultivation of the highest quality saffron. Delicate purple Crocus flowers are meticulously handpicked using a method passed down through generations.
Beyond the exceptional quality of Pampore’s saffron, the process of its cultivation holds significant cultural and historical significance. Farmers demonstrate great reverence for the saffron Karewas, reflecting a profound connection to the land. The predominance of saffron fields in the VIHI district underscores the deep-rooted cultural significance of saffron within the local community.
Hangul in Khrew Forests
In addition to saffron, the VIHI district boasts a place known as Batadalav forests. These forests serve as a sanctuary for wildlife enthusiasts and environmentalists alike. Nestled amidst the picturesque scenery of Khrew, they are home to the renowned Hangul deer, also known as the Kashmir Stag, lending an enchanting aura to the VIHI District. While many believe Hangul to be confined solely to Dachigam National Park, this is not the case.
The Batadalav woods in Khrew feature a dense canopy of undisturbed trees, providing an ideal habitat for the Hangul to thrive and proliferate. As the state animal of Jammu and Kashmir, Hangul holds great significance in both local culture and environmental conservation efforts.
One of the primary objectives of conservation initiatives in the VIHI District is to safeguard the Hangul’s habitat. These endeavors not only aid in the protection of a species exclusive to this region but also enhance the health and stability of the Khrew forests as a whole.
There are numerous opportunities for nature enthusiasts to immerse themselves in the beauty of the Batadalav forests in the VIHI district, including ecotourism and wildlife observation. Guided excursions offer visitors the chance to witness the exquisite Hangul in its natural habitat, providing a rare glimpse of this majestic creature in the wild.
Wetlands of Pampore
Another significant aspect of the VIHI district is its satellite wetlands. The presence of the Chatlam, Fashkoori, Manibug, and Kranchu wetlands enhances the importance of the VIHI district. These wetlands, located within a 2 square km radius, form interconnected satellite wetlands. Moreover, they play a crucial role for various bird species that migrate during specific times of the year. Ecologically, these wetlands are vital as they provide essential habitats for birds and contribute to the overall biodiversity of the surrounding areas.
All four wetlands are nourished by underground springs, ensuring a continuous flow of fresh water. This natural water source not only sustains the wetlands but also supports a diverse ecosystem that enables the survival of the plants and animals inhabiting these areas.
Throughout the year, the wetlands attract a flurry of activity as they become bustling havens for migratory birds, waterfowl, and various other species. Additionally, the wetlands of Pampore serve as a source of water for local residents, utilized for various activities such as irrigation.
Wasturvan Forest Top
Another captivating destination within the VIHI district is the Wasturvan forest top, renowned among locals. Each year, thousands of people embark on treks to this stunning mountaintop. Situated among the highest peaks in the VIHI district, the forest top harbors a diverse population of wildlife and birds. What makes this forest top particularly special is its panoramic 360-degree view of the Kashmir valley. From this vantage point, visitors can admire different parts of the valley, a rarity among mountaintops. The Wasturvan forest top is highly sought after by wildlife enthusiasts and trekkers alike, contributing significantly to the appeal of the VIHI district.
Cultural Significance of the VIHI District
The VIHI District holds immense cultural importance in Kashmir. The region boasts a rich tapestry of religious and cultural history, owing to the presence of revered saints and historical figures like Lal Ded. Lal Ded, a prominent figure in Kashmiri history, was a poetess and saint whose teachings continue to resonate today. Additionally, the VIHI District was home to many renowned Sufi saints, including Sheikh-ul-Alam and Wahab Khar (RA). This cultural wealth is evident in the district’s customs, festivals, and inclusive nature, welcoming people from all walks of life.
Spiritual and cultural leaders have left an indelible mark on the VIHI District, shaping its unique character. It serves as a living testament to the rich history that has influenced the culture of the Kashmir Valley. Residing in the VIHI District instills a sense of pride and continuity among its residents, bridging the gap between the past and present through its vibrant cultural life.
What Needs to be Done?
Now that you have gained a better understanding of what the VIHI district entails and its significance for the Kashmir valley, it’s evident that the VIHI District is a remarkable blend of natural, geological, and cultural treasures that necessitate long-term protection and sustainable development initiatives. Some local organizations have already initiated conservation programs for the VIHI district, such as “Go Green Kashmir” and “ECO-RESTORATION OF VIHI DISTRICT,” marking crucial strides toward environmental preservation and highlighting the importance of collaboration among authorities, experts, and local groups.
In addition to safeguarding natural and cultural resources, promoting responsible tourism can unlock the area’s full economic potential while ensuring its protection. Further research projects can enhance our understanding of the district’s ecological and historical diversity, essential for formulating robust conservation strategies.
The local government must take proactive measures to preserve the various components of the VIHI district. Implementing proper laws and management practices is imperative for monitoring and conserving assets like the Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park, which holds far greater importance than commonly perceived and can serve as a representation of the Kashmir Valley’s heritage in the future. The same applies to the Batadalav forest and wetlands of Pampore, which are already captivating our attention. It is now incumbent upon both authorities and local communities to harness the invaluable resources present in the VIHI district.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the VIHI District stands as a hidden gem within the Kashmir Valley, teeming with natural, geological, and cultural riches that warrant the care and attention of all. The Kashmir Triassic Fossil Park boasts remarkable geological features that narrate tales of ancient tsunamis and mass extinctions. The saffron fields of Pampore symbolize cultural abundance, while the biodiverse sanctuary of Hangul in Khrew’s forests serves as a tangible illustration of the intricate connection between nature and human life. Furthermore, the ecological significance of the area is underscored by the presence of wetlands and the Wasturvan Forest Top.
Initiatives such as “Go Green Kashmir” and “ECO-RESTORATION OF VIHI DISTRICT” play pivotal roles in safeguarding this rich heritage and fostering a more sustainable future. The cultural legacy of the VIHI District, shaped by revered saints like Lal Ded, Sheikh-ul-Alam, and Wahab Khar, imbues us with a profound sense of continuity.
To shield these treasures from the impacts of irresponsible tourism, further comprehensive studies are imperative to scrutinize each area individually. Moreover, concerted efforts are required from both the populace and the local government to support conservation endeavors in the VIHI district. With collective action and dedication, we can ensure the preservation of this invaluable heritage for generations to come.
ReferencesÂ
http://www.thenatureuniversity.net/about-VIHI.php
https://wcfcbd.wordpress.com/about-vihi-district-pampore/
https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/op-ed/eyeing-the-pampore-wetlands/
https://penndixie.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kashmirpdf.pdf
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